Mughal and Muslim dynasties ruled the northern region of India from 16th to 18th century with large history. Here you will get some information about the Mughal Dynasty OR the history of Mughal Empire…
The Mughal Empire began in April 1526 after the Battle of Panipat between Ibrahim Lodi and Babur. The victory in this war ended the rule of the Delhi Sultanate in India and laid the foundation of the Mughal dynasty in medieval India.
After which the Mughals ruled the Indian subcontinent until about the 18th century, the country’s first war of independence.
The Mughals ruled in India until the arrival of the British East India Company.
The Mughal Empire was a very efficient, prosperous and organized empire. The rule of the Mughal dynasty represents an epoch in the medieval history of India.
Art, craftsmanship flourished only in Mughal India. Most of the beautiful and historical buildings in India were built during the time of Mughal period.
These buildings include the Stupa of Sanchi, the Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonders of the world located in Agra, the Red Fort of Delhi, the Ajanta-Ellora caves, the famous temples of Orissa, the Khajuraho temples, the wonderful sculptures of Tanjore, Sher Shah Suri’s Grand Trunk Road, Gol Gumbad of Bijapur etc. are included.
So let’s know some important information about the history of the Mughal dynasty in detail…
History of Mughal Empire – Name of the Mughal Empire Dynasty
Information about Mughal Dynasty is follow as…
| Name of Empire | Mughal dynasty |
| Reign | 1526-1857 |
| Major Ruling Regions | Delhi, Aurangabad, Agra |
| Chief Mighty Ruler | Babar, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb |
| Major achievements related to art during the reign | Taj Mahal, Red Fort, JAMA Masjid, Bibi Ka Maqbara, Lahore Mosque, Moti Masjid, Takht-e-Taus |
| The first ruler | Babar |
| The last ruler | Bahadur Shah Zafar |
| Total reign of the empire | About 331 years |
List of Mughal Emperors in Chronological Order/First to Last
Information about Mughal Emperors is follow as…
| Name of Ruler | Reign/Ruling Period |
| Babur | 30 April 1526 – 26 Dec 1530 |
| Humayun | 26 Dec 1530 – 17 May 1540 |
| Akbar | 27 Jan 1556 – 27 Oct 1605 |
| Jahangir | 27 Oct 1605 – 8 Nov 1627 |
| Shah Jahan | 8 Nov 1627 – 31 July 1658 |
| Aurangzeb | 31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707 |
| Bahadur Shah | 19 June 1707 – 27 Feb 1712 |
| Jahandar Shah | 27 Feb 1712 – 11 Feb 1713 |
| Farrukhshiyar | 11 Jan 1713 – 28 Feb 1719 |
| Mohammad Shah | 27 Sept 1719 – 26 April 1748 |
| Ahmad Shah Bahadur | 26 April 1748 – 2 June 1754 |
| Alamgir II | 2 June 1754 – 29 Nov 1759 |
| Shah Alam II | 24 Dec 1760 – 19 Nov 1806 |
| Akbar Shah II | 19 Nov 1806 – 28 Sept 1837 |
| Bahadur Shah II | 28 Sept 1837 – 14 Sept 1857 |
Founder of the Mughal Dynasty/Empire
Babar was the founder of the Mughal dynasty, and the first Mughal emperor. His ruling period was from 30 April 1526 to 26 December 1530.
After the Battle of Panipat in India in the year 1526, the Lodi dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate came to an end in India and the Mughal dynasty was established by Babar.
Babar attacked India 5 times. He waged his first struggle in India against the Yousafzai caste in 1519 AD, in which Babar captured Bajaur and Bhera.
| Full Name of Babar | Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babar |
| Birth Detail | February 14, 1483, in Andijan, Uzbekistan |
| Father Name | Omar Sheikh Mirza |
| Mother Name | Kutlug Nigaar Khanm |
| Wives Name | Ayesha Sultan Begum, Zainab Sultan Begum, Mausa Sultan Begum, Meham Begum, Gulrukh Begum, Dildar Aghabegum, Mubaraka Yurufzhai, Sahila Sultan Begum, Hajjah Gulnar Aghacha, Nazgul Aghacha, Bega Begum |
| Sons & Daughters | Humayun, Kamran, Askari, Hindal, Gulbadan Begum |
| Construction by him | Kabuli Bagh Mosque, Agra Masjid, Jama Masjid, Babri Masjid, etc. |
| Death of Babar | 26 Dec 1530 |
The Mughal emperor Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and captured Delhi and Agra, ending the Delhi Sultanate and establishing the Mughal dynasty in India.
On 17 March 1527, Babar defeated Rana Sanga, the mighty ruler of Mewar, in the battle of Khanwa. After this war Babur assumed the title of Ganji.
In 1659 AD, Babur again defeated the Afghan army in the battle of Ghaghra. The Mughal ruler was a powerful ruler as well as extremely kind, who was given the title of Qalandar for his generosity.
Babar wrote his autobiography, Baburnama, and Babar is also considered to be the father of the poetry genre called Mubayan.
After the death of Babar, his son Humayun took over the rule of the Mughal Empire.
History of Mughal Empire Weapons
The military of the Mughal Empire and Mughals were used lots of variety of weapons like bows and arrows, swords, cannons, muskets, and flintlock blunderbusses.
Mughal Dynasty/Empire Family Tree/List of Name
The name of Babar’s children follow as…
- Fakhr Unnisa Begum – Daughter
- Masuma Sultana Begum – Daughter
- Askari Mirza – Son
- Kamran Mirza – Son
- Hindal Mirza – Son
- Gulbadan Begum – Daughter
- Mehr Jaan Begum – Daughter
- Aisan Daulat Begum – Daughter
- Humayun – Son
- Babul Mirza – Son
The name of Humayun’s children follow as…
- Al Aman – Son
- Abd al-Fatih Jalaluddin Muhammad ‘Akbar‘ – Son
- Bakshi Bano Begum – Daughter
- Aqikah Begum – Daughter
- Bakht Al Nisa Begum – Daughter
- Mirza Mohammad Hakim – Son
The name of Akbar’s children follow as…
- Hassan – Son
- Hussain – Son
- Shahzada Khanum – Daughter
- Sultan Salim Nur Aldin ‘Jahangir‘ – Son
- Shah Murad – Son
- Daniel – Son
- Aram Banu Begum – Daughter
- Shakra Alanissa Begum – Daughter
The name of Jahangir‘s children follow as…
- Parvez – Son
- Khusrau – Son
- Bahar Bano Begum – Daughter
- Sultan Al Nissa Begum – Daughter
- Khurram Shihab al-Din ‘Shah Jahan‘ – Son
- Shahriyar – Son
- Jahandar – Son
The name of Shah Jahan‘s children follow as…
- Dara Shikoh – Son
- Jahan Ara Begum – Daughter
- Shah suja – Son
- Roshan Ara Begum – Daughter
- Muhyi al-Din Mohammad Alamgir ‘Aurangzeb‘ – Son
- Murad Baksh – Son
- Quddaiyah – Son
- Gauhar Ara Begum – Daughter
The name of Aurangzeb‘s children follow as…
- Zebunnisa – Daughter
- Jheenat Unnisa – Daughter
- Muhammad Sultan – daughter
- Mohammad Muazzam Bahadur Shah Alam – Son
- Badr Unnisa Begum – Daughter
- Zubadat Unnisa Begum – Daughter
- Mohammad Akbar – Son
- Mohammad Azam Shah – Son
- Mihir Unnisa – Daughter
- Mohammad Kambaksh – Son
The name of Bahadur Shah Alam‘s children follow as…
- Jahandar Shah – Son
- Azzh al-Din – Son
- Mohammad Azeem – Son
- Daulat Afza – Son
- Rafi Al Shan/Rafi Al Qadr – Son
- Jahan Shah – Son
- Mohammed Humayun – Son
The name of Azeem‘s child follow as…
- Farrukhshiyar
The name of Farrukhshiyar’s child follow as…
- Alamgir II – Son
The name of Jahan Shah’s child follow as…
- Ahmed Shah Bahadur – Son
The name of Alamgir II’s child follow as…
- Shah Alam II
The name of Shah Alam II’s child follow as…
- Akbar Shah II
The name of Akbar Shah II’s child follow as…
- Bahadur Shah Zafar – The Last Mughal Ruler
The Mughal Empire – John Richard, The Great Mughal, and their India – Dirk Collier, In an Akbari – Abul Fazl, The Last Mughal – William Darleampl, The Mughal State 1526 – 1750, A Short History of the Mughal Empire – Michael Fisher, etc.
Mughal rule was established in India from 1526 AD to 1857 AD, whose total time span is 331 years.
Biography of Babar ‘Tuzuk-i-Babri’, Biography of Akbar ‘Ain-i-Akbari’ written by Abul Fazl, ‘Tarikh-i-Alfi’ by Mulla Daud, ‘Akbarnama’ by Abul Fazal, Abdul Qadir ‘Muntakhab-ul-Tawarikh’ by Badayuni, ‘Padshahnama’ written by Abdul Hamid Lahori, besides ‘Alamgirnama’ written by Mirza Mohammad Kazim and ‘Shahjahannama’ by Inayat Khan, etc.
In the Mughal Empire History, a lot of work was done on architecture, painting, and literature, in which some architectural white sandstone was also used in some places. Such as the Taj Mahal of Agra, the Red Fort of Delhi, besides Jama Masjid, Moti. Mosque, Lahore Fort, Bibi’s Tomb, Jahangir’s Throne, and various tombs of the Mughal rulers give a lot of information about the rule of the time.
The Gupta Empire in ancient India and earlier temples and sculptures had the most glimpse and influence of the Dravidian-style temple system of South India. The influence of Indo-Islamic and Persian art invention is clearly visible in which grand high pillars, minarets, grand entrances, mausoleums, etc.
Beautiful carvings and painting styles also began to be included in it more, the construction of monuments or tombs are also seen made of stone and other materials of good quality.